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Both Apache and Nginx act as web servers, handling incoming HTTP requests from clients (web browsers) and delivering the requested web pages or resources.
They process client requests, retrieve the corresponding files or generate dynamic content from applications, and send the appropriate responses back to the clients.
Web servers handle static content (HTML, images, CSS, JavaScript) directly, but they can also communicate with application servers (such as PHP, Python, or Ruby) to generate dynamic content.
Both Apache and Nginx can be configured as load balancers, distributing incoming traffic across multiple servers.
They can serve as reverse proxies, sitting between the client and the application server. The web server handles tasks like SSL termination, caching, and load balancing.
Web servers play a role in enhancing security by handling tasks like SSL/TLS encryption, protecting against common web attacks, and providing access control mechanisms.
Apache and Nginx are designed to be modular, allowing administrators to extend their functionality through modules or plugins.