– cd: Change directory. – ls: List files and directories. – pwd: Print the current working directory.
– cp: Copy files or directories. – mv: Move or rename files or directories. – rm: Remove files or directories. – touch: Create an empty file.
– mkdir: Create a new directory. – rmdir: Remove an empty directory. – rm -r: Remove a directory and its contents recursively.
– chmod: Change file permissions. – chown: Change file owner. – chgrp: Change file group.
– uname -a: Display system information. – df -h: Show disk space usage. – free -m: Display free and used memory.